【334458】2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷英语

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语

第一部分 听力（略）

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___________ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

答案是B。

21. Many Chinese brands, ___________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed

B. being developed

C. developed

D. developing

解析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主请关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据”over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。

答案：A

22. ___________not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were

B. Were it

C. It was

D. Was it

解析：考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had 提前，即Were /Should Had I...，故选 B。

答案：B

23. Located ___________the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

A. why

B. when

C. which

D. where

解析：考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于……，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。

答案：D

24. The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

解析：考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据”strengthened"可知，“被广泛阅读和得到高度评价”发生在过 去，故选C。

答案：C

25. Working with the medical team in Africa has___________ the best in her as a doctor.

A. held out

B. brought out

C. picked out

D. given out

解析：考查短语辨析。A. hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。

答案：B

26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ___________it used to charge.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. how

解析：考查同位语和宾语从句。”half of it used to charge"是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后 面玦少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。

答案：C

27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he___________.

A. was being followed

B. was following

C. had been followed

D. followed

解析：考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪”，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。

答案：A

28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of___________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which

B. its

C. whose

D. whom

解析：考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。

答案：C

29. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart-phones defeated___________ PCs in sales.

A. controversial

B. contradictory

C. confidential

D. conventional

解析：考查形容词辨析。A. controversial有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C. confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的。智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D。

答案：D

30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help___________ your year ahead.

A. shape

B. switch

C. stretch

D. sharpen

解析：考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch 拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将 会决定来年的发展。故选A。

答案：A

31. He’s been informed that he___________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.

A. hasn’t qualified

B. hadn’t qualified

C. doesn’t qualify

D. wasn’t qualifying

解析：考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。

答案：C

32. Determining where we are___________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

A. in contrast to

B. in defense of

C. in face of

D. in relation to

解析：考查介词短语。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。

答案：D

33. —What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?

—It’s nothing. Just something___________.

A. as clear as day

B. off the top of my head

C. under my nose

D. beyond my wildest dreams

解析：考查习惯用语。A. as clear as day显而易见，容易理解；B. off the top of my head没有考虑；C. under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉)；D. beyond my wildest dreams远远出乎意料，做梦都没有想到。句意：—你T恤上的东西是什么意思？—没什么特别的意思。只是灵光一闪，随便写的。故选B。

答案：B

34. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But ___________explanations are hard to find.

A. alternative

B. aggressive

C. ambiguous

D. apparent

解析：考查形容词。A. alternative可供替代的；B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C. ambiguous有野心的， 耗时的；D. apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是难以找到其它解释。故 选A。

答案：A

35. —Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?

—___________!Will you go with me?

A. You there

B. You bet

C. You got me

D. You know better

解析：考查交际用语。A. You there说你呢 (用于引起注意)；B. You bet的确；当然；C. You got me你把我问住了；D. You know better不至于糊涂到。由＂Will you go with me?＂可知，＂我＂会去看女子排球，答语应该是肯定的，故选B。

答案：B

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to 39 music, as he hated getting to school extra early.

40 , one day, in the music class that was 41 of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地）on the piano and found it 42 to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually 43 doing it. He tried to hide his 44 pleasure from the music teacher, who had 45 over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47 and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48 him. There he decided to give the cello（大提琴）a 49 . When he began practicing, he took it very 50 . But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was 51 to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.

This 52 , of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, 53 his heavy instrument case across the campus to the 54 looks of the non-musicians he had left 55 .

36.

A. travelling

B. marching

C. pacing

D. struggling

解析：考查动词。根据”with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel总是同情地看着背着沉重乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中，struggle努力，艰难地行进，斗争，符合语境。

答案：D

37.

A. rising up

B. coming up

C. driving up

D. turning up

解析：考查动词短语。根据 “ 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else” 可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在“出现”，符合语境。

答案：D

38.

A. before

B. after

C. until

D. since

解析：考查介词。”anyone else”指不学音乐的学生，学习音乐的要比规定的到校时间早到几个小时，before anyone else had to be there比规定的到校时间早几个小时。这也是Gabriel不想学习音乐的原因之一。

答案：A

39.

A. betray

B. accept

C. avoid

D. appreciate

解析：考查动词。根据”as he hated getting to school extra early” 可知，Gabriel讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓＂不学＂音乐，A背叛；B接受；C避免，避开；D欣赏。故选C。

答案：C

40.

A. Therefore

B. However

C. Thus

D. Moreover

解析：考查连词。此处是说，Gabriel在一次音乐课上意外发现自己很喜欢音乐，此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系，故选B。

答案：B

41.

A. part

B. nature

C. basis

D. spirit

解析：考查名词。that was 41 of his school’s standard curriculum是定语从句，音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分，言外之意就是说，每个学生都得上这个音乐课。

答案：A

42.

A. complicated

B. safe

C. confusing

D. easy

解析：考查形容词。根据下句”actually... tried to hide... pleasure”等词或词组可以看出，Gabriel在音乐中找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，此处是说，他发现演奏音乐很容易。故选D。

答案：D

43.

A. missed

B. disliked

C. enjoyed

D. denied

解析：考查动词。根据actually可知，Gabriel对音乐的看法有了变化，他实际上是喜欢音乐的，故选C。

答案：C

44.

A. transparent

B. obvious

C. false

D. similar

解析：考查形容词。Gabriel不想让音乐老师看到自己表露出来的很明显的喜悦之情，transparent指(谎言、借口)易看穿的；obvious明显的，显然的；false假的；similar相似的。故选B。

答案：B

45.

A. run

B. jogged

C. jumped

D. wandered

解析：考查动词。音乐老师在教室里来回走动，听到Gabriel弹奏乐器的声音，就走过来聆听。run跑；jog慢跑；jump跳；wander徘徊，游荡。wander over漫步。

答案：D

46.

A. because

B. but

C. though

D. so

解析：考查连词。前句是说他弹得不是特别好，后句是说，老师告诉他他有良好的辨音能力，并且建议他去音乐商店选适合自己的乐器。前后句间为转折关系。

答案：B

47.

A. ear

B. taste

C. heart

D. voice

解析：考查名词。老师认为Gabriel有着很好辨音能力，并建议他去挑一件称心的乐器。ear辨音力，灵敏的听力；taste鉴赏力，欣赏力，指对作品的欣赏能力。由于Gabriel没有经过专业的训练，不能说他有很好的音乐鉴赏能力，taste不符合语境。

答案：A

48.

A. occurred to

B. took to

C. appealed to

D. held to

解析：考查动词短语。occur to sb.某人突然想起；take to开始喜欢；appeal to有吸引力，引起兴趣；hold to抓住。老师让Gabriel找一件自己喜欢的乐器。

答案：C

49.

A. change

B. chance

C. mission

D. function

解析：考查名词。Gabriel准备试一下大提琴，给大提琴一次机会，即尝试演奏一下大提琴。change改变；chance机会；mission任务；function功能。故选B。

答案：B

50.

A. seriously

B. proudly

C. casually

D. naturally

解析：考查副词。根据But可知，前后是转折关系，下句说Gabriel发现自己很喜欢大提琴，说明前一句是说他只是随便拉一下。seriously认真地；proudly骄傲地；casually随便地；naturally自然地。故选C。

答案：C

51.

A. committed

B. used

C. limited

D. admitted

解析：考查动词。根据”so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well”可知，花了几个月的时间练习之后，Gabriel的大提琴已经拉得非常好了。be committed to sth doing sth致力于。故选A。

答案：A

52.

A. proved

B. showed

C. stressed

D. meant

解析：考查动词。本段与第一段呼应。学习音乐意味着早到学校，要把沉重的乐器背来背去，meant在此意为＂意味着＂。

答案：D

53.

A. pushing

B. dragging

C. lifting

D. rushing

解析：考查动词。此处是说，Gabriel也得早到学校练习拉琴，也要拖着沉重的乐器。drag指吃力地拖、拉某物，push推；lift举起；rush冲。符合语境。

答案：B

54.

A. admiring

B. pitying

C. annoying

D. teasing

解析：考查形容词。根据”non-musicians”可知，这里指不学音乐的学生那种同情的表情，根据第一段可得出答案，应该是pitying。

答案：B

55.

A. over

B. aside

C. behind

D. out

解析：考查介词。leave aside搁置一边；leave sb/sth behind把……抛在后面，超过；leave out遗漏，不提及。这里指Gabriel走过去之后，身后的学生对他投来同情的目光。

答案：C

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

CHRONOLOGICA ——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History DID YOU KNOW… In 105 AD paper was invented in China? When Columbus discovered the New World? The British Museum opened in 1759? CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space. Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum. T his complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!

56. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next?

A. A biography.

B. A travel guide.

C. A history book.

D. A science fiction.

解析：细书理解题。根据第三段中的”CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, ... this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals “可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本有关历史的书籍。

答案：C

57. How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?

A. By giving details of its collection.

B. By introducing some of its contents.

C. By telling stories at the beginning.

D. By comparing it with other books.

解析：细节理解题。作者在文中以提问的方式提到很多与历史有关的人物或事件，像”from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. ...tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space...why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record”说明作者是在引用书中的内容。

答案：B

B

Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch（孵化）. New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular＂feed me!＂call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological（神经系统的）strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.＂As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?＂Kleindorfer asks.＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂

58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means＂____________＂.

A. be the worst

B. be the best

C. be the as bad

D. be just as good

解析：根据第二段"when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers"可知，鸟儿在_化小鸟的时候，呜叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被_化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。

答案：B

59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?

A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.

B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.

C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.

D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.

解析：根据第三段”the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.”可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段中的”A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.”可知，A项正确。

答案：A

60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ____________.

A. can receive quality signals

B. are in need of training

C. fit the environment better

D. make the loudest call

解析：根据倒数第二段中的＂the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food＂和最后一段＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。由此可知，胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。

答案：C

C

A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.

Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.

But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a＂God’s eye view＂of activities in their own markets and beyond.

This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required — and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger（兼并）, for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’data assets（资产）when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.

61. Why is there a call to break up giants?

A. They have controlled the data market.

B. They collect enormous private data.

C. They no longer provide free services.

D. They dismissed some new-born giants.

解析：第二段"Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up."中的such指代上文介绍的公司现状，根据第一段中的"urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow "可知，督促反垄断管理者介入来调査控制数据市场的大公司。

答案：A

62. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?

A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive.

B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms.

C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.

D. Data can be turned into new services or products.

解析：根据第三段中的"Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a" God’s eye view " of activities in their own markets and beyond.”可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。

答案：C

63. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could ____________.

A. kill a new threat

B. avoid the size trap

C. favour bigger firms

D. charge higher prices

解析：根据倒数第三段＂The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger（兼并）, for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’data assets（资产）when assessing the impact of deals.＂可知，在考虑公司数据资产的基础上，反垄断监管机构会避免陷于规模陷阱。

答案：B

64. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?

A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.

B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.

C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.

D. Small companies could get more opportunities.

解析：根据倒数第二段Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make from it. Governments with users’ consent.＂可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。

答案：D

D

Old Problem, New Approaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that.＂There is no‘one-size fits all’adaptation.＂Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体）to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.

Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers（冰川）there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation（灌溉）water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000 m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its of "100 ideas to save the planet＂.

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ____________.

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process

B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms

D. adaptation to climate change is challenging

解析：one-size fit all意为“通用的，万全之策”，句意：不存在通用的适应性方法。下句Nevertheless表转折，両根据＂there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost＂可知，没有放之四海而皆准的方法，即适应是需要根据情况不断做出调整，而非一成不变的。

答案：A

66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.

B. Different organizations work with each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.

D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.

解析：根据第三段中的＂Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster."可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。

答案：C

67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A. Storing ice for future use.

B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.

C. Changing the irrigation time.

D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

解析：根据第四段中的＂Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.＂可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。

答案：A

68. What do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.

B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.

D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

解析：根据倒数第四段中的＂By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.＂和倒数第三段中的＂painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice＂可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解气候变暖。

答案：D

69. According to the author, polluting industries should ____________.

A. adapt to carbon pollution

B. plant highly profitable crops

C. leave carbon emission alone

D. fight against carbon pollution

解析：根据倒数第二段中的＂When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense...＂可知，作者不赞成＂我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了＂这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。

答案：D

70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A. Setting up a new standard.

B. Reducing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.

D. Monitoring polluting industries.

解析：根据最后一段中的＂But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.＂可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。

答案：B

第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Population Change

Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.

Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.

A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.

Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.

In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.

One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

Population Change

The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)______ than it was in the 20th.

It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)_________ of population.

The (76)__________ death of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future. It would be better if it can change people’s way of (77)________.

To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75)________.

Decline of the birth rate

The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be (73)____________ but disastrous.

Population and (74)________ pressure

Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78)___________ of educational opportunity.

The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through (79)_______. This will (80) _________ for the lack of young work force.

American solution

71.

解析：根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21 世纪的出生率比20 世纪低，且 much/ even /far/a lot a little 等修饰比较级，故填 lower。

答案：lower

72.

解析：根据第二段中的＂almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。

答案：size/scale

73.

解析：根据第二段中的＂which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades＂中的＂within a few decades＂可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生，由此联想到“影响不是立即产生的”。

答案： immediate

74.

解析：接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economic development before a population decline hits the country＂可知答案。

答案：economic

75.

解析：根据＂A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机，故填older。

答案：old/older

76.

解析：根据＂the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961...but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。

答案：earlier

77.

解析：此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。

答案：living/life

78.

解析：根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。

答案：equality

79.

解析：根据最后一段中的＂One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.＂可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。

答案：immigration

80.

解析：根据最后一段中的＂Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。

答案：compensate

第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）

81.请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre.

Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?

Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great!

Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.

Su Hua: And the high-tech!...

Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.

Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.

One Day in 2016. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring…

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；

2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；

3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

解析：考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30词左右概述短文内容。接下来要分析票房收入变化的原因并给出自己的看法，并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和一般现在时为主。

要点：

1.概述：中国电影票房在2012—2016年间呈现不断增长的趋势，但是2016年的增长相比于前几年很缓慢。

2.分析原因：票房增长与人们生活水平的不断提高息息相关，人们有了多余的钱，才可能消费、娱乐；另一方面，电影的制作技术日臻成熟，许多优质的电影不断上映；再者，互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣传作用。

3.看法和理由：票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由，对票房看涨或是看落皆可。

写30词的概述时，语言要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯，尽量用上定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。

答案：范文：

Possible version one：

The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.

The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.

China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words)

Possible version two：

As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016.

The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical.

However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words)